sat (because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused)to pay rent until the landlord agreed to make the much more-needed repairs.答案是having pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refusedbec

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sat (because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused)to pay rent until the landlord agreed to make the much more-needed repairs.答案是having pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refusedbec

sat (because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused)to pay rent until the landlord agreed to make the much more-needed repairs.答案是having pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refusedbec
sat
(because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused)to pay rent until the landlord agreed to make the much more-needed repairs.
答案是having pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused
because of为什么不行呢?because of和 having done在这句话里的区别是什么?

sat (because of pleading in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused)to pay rent until the landlord agreed to make the much more-needed repairs.答案是having pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refusedbec
Because of doing sth 看着真别扭……所以肯定不对
以上解释看似霸道,事实也的确如此.SAT IS题就是注重最佳答案,语法正确不代表是正确答案.一般情况下符合awkward expression的都不是正确答案(除非其他选项都有语法错误)
Because出现在正确答案中的,大多数是because of + n.(不是动名词)或Because + 句子
Having done用在这里虽然没有出现表示因果关系的连词,但前后发生就已经隐含一种因果关系了

because of短语只表因果关系,而having done短语是非谓语动词短语做状语,在这个句子中也是做原因状语,它表示状语从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前,也就是说,先发生plead这个动作之后才发生refuse这个动作,在这里可理解为Because the tenants have been pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services...

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because of短语只表因果关系,而having done短语是非谓语动词短语做状语,在这个句子中也是做原因状语,它表示状语从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前,也就是说,先发生plead这个动作之后才发生refuse这个动作,在这里可理解为Because the tenants have been pleaded in vain for improved maintenance services,the tenants refused)to pay rent until the landlord agreed to make the much more-needed repairs.此时,主从句主语一致,我们可把从句的主语以及be动词省略。
而because of 短语只表因果,不表示时间的先后。

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没有因果关系,不用because of 更好。
是个先后关系,先plead in vain了,才refuse。
而不是因为plead in vain,所以要refuse。