高中英语语法总结有木有

高中英语语法总结有木有
高中英语语法总结有木有

高中英语语法总结有木有
分词（participle）
现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式
Doing Not doing Having done Being done
Not having done Having been done
Not being done
现在分词,过去分词
现在分词表示被动,表进行；及物动词的过去分词表被动,完成.
Boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经开过的水
The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳
A developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家
*现在分词和过去分词都可以在句中作表语,定语,状语和宾语补足语.
作表语
.现在分词作表语一般表示主语的特征和句中主语是主谓关系,主语一般是物,有时也可以是人.
.过去分词做表语一般表示主语所处的状态和句中主语是逻辑的动宾关系,主语一般是人,也可以是物.
（1） the film is moving we are moved
disappoint /surprise /move /frighten /inspire /interest
The boy is disappointing and his father is disappointed.
He tried be calm, but his voice sounded a bit surprised.
be covered /lined with
The door remained locked They remained listening.
2.做定语：
有些词的过去分词有两种 learned /learned burned /burnt lighted/light
一般规则变化的做定语,不规则变化的不做定语
*单独的一个分词做定语通常放在被修饰词的前边,分词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后边,相当于一个定语从句.
1（ 使动词的用法
*a girl named Mary came to see me .
*a girl calling herself Mary came to see me .
a moved girl = a girl who was moved a moving film =a film which is moving
a surprised look /expression on his face
2) I read the book written (which was written) by lu xun
Tell the children playing the guitar not to make so much noise.
The building being built is our teaching building.
He lives in a room facing the south.
注：有些词只能用定语从句表达而不能用过去分词的形式.
The boy who came to see me is my brother.
There were accidents that always happened.
3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句 . The book, written in 1980, tells of struggle.
2.作状语： 时间状语,原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语.
He went into the lab, following other students.
The teacher went into the lab, followed by a group of students.
Being a young people, he is always ready to help others.= as he is a young people ,…..
Given more time, he would do it even better. =if we were more time ,………..
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = as he is ill ,he didn’t ……..
Not knowing what to do, went to ask marl.
Not having received her lessons well, she failed in the exam.
Having finished her work, she went home.
Getting up early, you’ll catch the bus. =if you get earlier ,……..
considering 就…而言 考虑到,各方面考虑起来
She seems very bright, considering.
Considering the distance, he arrived quickly.
The hall is still in good condition, considering that it was built almost 1000 years ago.
注：1) Generally speaking, he is a good person.
Judging from his skin, he is an African.
He left home, determined not to set his foot in his home.
但是 to tell the truth ,……. To be honest ………
regarding = about 关于…的问题
He spoke to me regarding his failure .
I must speak to you regarding this matter.
2) 分词做状语,分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致.
While visiting a city, a guidebook is very useful.
While reading the letter, tears come to her eyes. (错误)
当分词做状语,分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时, 分词可以在自己的前 面加上自己的逻辑主语,这样后构成的短语叫独立主格结构,一般用逗号与主句分开.
It being Sunday .I don’t have to go to work.
He being a party member, his deeds are expected by all.
Our work having been finished, we went home.
They’re being no buses, we went home.
Weather permitting; we’ll start on Saturday.
Mr. smith is shy and doesn’t speak until spoken to.
4. 做宾语补足语.
see , watch , hear , notice , feel , find , get , have , leave , keep +n./+分词
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
When he woke up , he found himself lying on the ground .
Don’t have the medicine working all the time.
I won’t have you talking to your mother like this .否定表示不允许,不容忍.
* get sb. /sth . doing 使.重新开始
get the clock going get the car going 跑/ start 启动
It’s not hard to get the children speaking, but it’s hard to stop them.
I often hear the song sung in English.
he spoke loudly in order to make himself heard clearly .
I saw the boy beaten by tom.
The teacher found jack seated / sitting in the room.
The boy was last seen playing in the river.
注： dress ---- be dressed seat ------be seated fix ---one’s eye be fixed on
We found her dressed in red today.
The thief was caught stealing
Dressed in red, she went out.
We found him hidden behind the door.
We sat there silent, her eyes fixed on that army camp.
I didn’t hear a single word in his talk referring to your absence from the meeting.
Do you know the man referred to at the meeting?
He walked along the river, his hands folded across his shoulder.
Feel one’s heart beating fast. /his face exposed.
Compared with tom, he is an honest man.
Comparing what he had with tom, he is satisfied.

The Gerund 动名词

—. 构成.
语态/形式 一般式 完成式 复合结构
主动 Doing Having done One’s doing
被动 Being done Having been done
否定形式一律在其前加not





II .用途： 定语,宾语,主语,表语
做主语：动名词做主语,谓语动词用单数.
Smoking does harm to your health.
Tom’s coming made us happy.
Her not coming back made her father angry.
His being punished by the teacher is known to us.
Looking after children is her job.
Seeing is believing （前后对应）眼见为实.
Teaching is learning 教学相长.
My falling ill worried him greatly.
注意下列结构: It is no use / good / useful doing
It is no good quarrelling with them.
It is no use regretting what you have done.
2. 定语
动名词做定语表示用途.（即 ving 做定语有两个意思 1）表动作在进行 2）表用途）

a walking stick / a changing room 更衣室／ a hiding place / an operating table
a collecting tin / a weight machine / building material / drinking water / swimming pool
a washing machine / a sleeping car / a smoking room / sowing machine 播种机
booking office 售票处 ／ training class 训练班 ／translating machine 翻译机
3．作表语,可以与主语互相转换.
His worst habit is eating too fast.
Our job is playing all kinds of instruments.
Their job is making model planes.
The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of the month.
The problem is his son’s having taken the other’s money.
4. 做宾语.
动名词既可以做动词宾语,也可以作介词宾语.
He has finished reading the book.
We could hear the noise of the desk’s being opened. and closed.
He came to attend the concert without being invited.
He suggested the text’s being translated into Chinese.
You should practise listening to English.
She looked forward to receiving her mother’s letter.
注意：1)有些动词或动词短语后面, 必须用动名词做宾语,而不用不定式.
enjoy , finish , mind , risk , avoid , forbid , excuse , practise , imagine , suggest , delay , miss , escape , can’t help , consider ,
be worth doing / be busy doing / give up doing / put off doing / insist on doing
keep / prevent /stop from doing feel like doing / prefer doing to doing
be afraid of / be tired of / be fond of / be proud of /succeed in
. the wounded solider escaped being killed in the fighting .
do you mind my smoking here ?
Don’t be afraid of asking for help.
The boy insisted on being severed with cake.
2)要特别注意以下几个词组
pay attention to / look forward to / devote oneself to / make contribution to
stick to / be /get used to / object to / refer to / get down to / see to （ 处理）
He objected to being treated as a child.
The scientist devoted himself to inventing this new machine.
有些动词跟to do 和doing 均可,但意思不同.
forget to do 忘记做/去做一件事 （没有做）
forget doing 忘记过去做过某事 .
I forget to close the window when I left my office.
Don’t forget to post the letter for me.
I forget meeting you in the street the other day.
remember to do 记住去做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
please remember to close the window when you leave .
I remember having given the book to you.
regret to do 对现在要发生的事情表示遗憾,抱歉.
Regret doing 对已经发生的事情表示后悔.
I regret to say / to tell you that I can’t go with you.
He regretted having told you about it.
mean to do 打算,想要做,有做某事的意图.
Mean doing 意味着
I mean to go with you.
He didn’t mean to hurt you.
It means finishing in time.
Giving him such books to read means waste his time .
e. try to do 试图于,设法干,尽力于
try doing 试着干
The boy tried to open the door.
He tried driving a bus.
stop to do /doing
go on to do / doing
be sure to do 肯定会 ,讲会者肯定
be sure of doing 主语自己会
He is sure to come
I am sure of his coming.
H. like /hate to do
Like hate doing
Nobody likes being laughed at.
4. 注意： need, want require +doing = need, want, require to be done
The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned
The child needs looking after / to be looked after
5. 有些 介词加doing 表示时间
on /upon doing = as soon as
in doing = when /while
On hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
In working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.
=While working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

高中语法难点和重点有：1 虚拟语气 这个高考中有选择题 ，再就是 2 主谓一致，3 表示推测的