动名词与现在分词的使用区别

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动名词与现在分词的使用区别

动名词与现在分词的使用区别
动名词与现在分词的使用区别

动名词与现在分词的使用区别
动名词和现在分词都称作动状词(Verbal),即由动词变化而来,仍然具有动词的性质与原
义,但不能作动词使用的词.
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:
1.如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词.区别方法是:
动名词作定语时,说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用"use for +动名词"这个结构代替),
它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的行为
,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句).
E.g.:a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢 (sleeping此处为动名词

a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子 (sleeping此处为现在分词

2.动名词具有名词的性质:
可以和名次一样有冠词或this、some等形容词; E.g.:A knocking at the door was
heard
可以和名次一样有所有格、复数形式;
E.g.:He enjoys reading for reading’s sake,not for scholarship.
He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings.
可以带有所有格已表明动作者.E.g.:Please excuse my coming late.
3.如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词.区别方法是:
如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词.如果-ing形式相当于
形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词.
4.“动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同,前者的重音在“动名词”上(a
‘sleeping suit),而后者的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child).
5.动名词用法的特殊情况
① No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 E.g.:No smoking.
② There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to = No one can
(or We cannot )
E.g.:There is no telling when lasting peace will come.(谁也不知道永久的和平何
时到来)
③ Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever
E.g.:He never comes without bringing some present.
④ It goes without saying that (…是不用说的)= It is needless to say that
E.g.:It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing.
⑤ Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情)——动名词之前都由the、所有
格或some/a little/ much/ a lot of 之类的形容词.
E.g.:Do you do much fishing?
⑥ On (or upon) +-ing (当…,一…就…)=when (or as soon as) +S.+ V.
⑦ Of one’s own = -ing (自己…的)=-ed by oneself
E.g.:He showed me a picture of his own painting.
⑧ Make a point of –ing (必定,重视)= make it a point to
E.g.:He makes a point of calling on me on New Year’s Day.
⑨ Be on (or upon) the point of –ing (正要)= be just about to
6.如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词.
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语、同位语,那么它一定是动名词.

动名词兼有动词和名词的作用与性质,现在分词只用做类形容词性质的修饰词

单个的分词或者动名词都可做前置定语,但分词往往表示被修饰词所发出的动作,即分词动作的逻辑主语是它所修饰的词;动名词所修饰的词不能充当其逻辑主语.
a sleeping baby 分词
a sleeping car 动名词